ANESTHESIOLOGY AND REANIMATION

General Anesthesia

General anesthetics a carried out for surgical procedures where it is safer and more comfortable for the patient to be unconscious. The anesthetics are known to stop the nerves from passing electric signals to the brain; that is why under general anesthesia you do not feel anything.

General anesthesia is usually preferred for long surgical procedures. Before such an operation, you are asked if;

• You have any allergies
• You smoke or drink alcohol
• You are taking any medicine

The anesthetics are fast, you become unconscious in minutes. You are also given painkillers to feel comfortable when you wake up.

Regional anesthesia

Regional anesthesia is similar to local anesthesia but is used to numb larger body parts, such as the waist down. Regional anesthesia is usually used for orthopedic surgery, female and male reproductive surgery, and bladder and urinary tract operations.  A single injection of a regional anesthetic can last 4 to 24 hours. regional anesthesia may cause some side effects like:

• Bleeding
• Infection
• Bruising

Doctors usually use regional anesthesia in the form of epidurals or spinal blocks.

• Epidural: This is the most common form of pain control. 
• Spinal Block: A spinal block provides stronger than an epidural and provides fast pain relief.

Intravenous Sedation (Monitored Sedation)

Intravenous sedation is an anesthesia type in which a tube that contains an anesthetic is placed in the vein. This procedure is also known as monitored anesthesia care (MAC). There are three levels of Intravenous sedation which are:

• Minimal 
• Moderate
• Deep

In this procedure, the patient is awake and able to follow instructions. Intravenous sedation is usually used in outpatient procedures like colonoscopy or cataract surgery. Intravenous sedation has lower risks than general anesthesia. Fast-acting and rapid recovery are among the benefits of intravenous sedation. Some side effect of intravenous sedation is nausea and vomiting.

Local Anesthesia

Medical experts use local anesthesia to numb a specific part of the body. During local anesthesia, the patient does not feel any pain, but a bit of pressure and movement. Patients don’t lose consciousness while under local anesthesia.

Local anesthetics are used like other anesthetics to prevent nerve cells from sending electrical signals to the brain.

Local anesthetics can be in the form of cream, gel, ointment, sprays, and injections. Local anesthesia is used in medical fields such as tooth removal, biopsies, and minor skin procedures. Some side effects are including blur vision, dizziness, pain, and headaches.

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